Decoding Sensory Processing Disorder: A Parent's Guide to the 3 Subtypes

Many parents have heard the term “sensory”, but don’t have a good grasp on what it means for their child. In this post, we’re going to decode and simplify the subtypes of sensory processing disorder to help you better understand your sweetie at home.

There are 3 subtypes or categories of Sensory Processing Disorder:

1. Sensory Modulation Disorder

2. Sensory Discrimination Disorder

3. Sensory-Based Motor Disorder

Sensory Modulation Disorder (SMD)

Sensory modulation is our ability to regulate our emotional and physical responses to incoming stimuli. In other words, this is our body’s ability to make a response (physically or emotionally) that is appropriate for the situation. Many children with SPD struggle to regulate their response to sensory information. For example, have you ever observed your child panic while tilting their head back during a hair wash? Do you shout your child’s name 20 times before they respond? Have you noticed that your child never seems to get dizzy while spinning? These can all be symptoms of sensory modulation disorder.

This subtype is further divided into three categories:

1. Sensory Over-Responsivity - Children are hypersensitive or overreact to sensory stimuli that others might not even notice.

2. Sensory Under-Responsivity - Children are responsive or slow to respond to sensory stimuli, often seeming indifferent or unaware.

3. Sensory Craving - Children seek out sensory experiences actively, often appearing hyperactive or impulsive.

Understanding these categories can guide us toward appropriate management strategies - whether it's reducing sensory overload for the highly sensitive child, providing additional stimulation for the under-responsive child, or channeling the sensory-seeking child's energy in a healthy manner.

Sensory Discrimination Disorder (SDD)

If SMD is about the intensity of the sensory experience, Sensory Discrimination Disorder (SDD) is about the clarity. Children with SDD struggle to accurately identify or interpret sensory stimuli. For example, they may have difficulty distinguishing between similar sounds or determining the position of their body in space. For example, does your child fail to notice their face is dirty? Does your child have difficulty finding an object that appears to be in plain sight? These are everyday examples of SDD.

Understanding SDD can help you recognize why your child might be struggling with tasks that seem simple to others. A child with SDD isn't being stubborn or inattentive; they're grappling with a world that sometimes feels confusing or out of focus. Tailoring their environment and activities to help them make sense of their sensory experiences can go a long way in boosting their confidence and skill set.

Sensory-Based Motor Disorder (SBMD)

For children with Sensory-Based Motor Disorder (SBMD), the challenge lies in executing motor tasks. This can manifest as poor balance and coordination (Postural Disorder) or difficulties planning and carrying out new or complex movements (Dyspraxia). It's not that these children are clumsy or careless; their sensory systems simply struggle to provide the correct instructions to their muscles.

As a parent, understanding SBMD can equip you to support your child's physical development. Through fun, structured activities and potentially professional intervention, you can help them build their motor skills and their confidence, allowing them to navigate their physical world with greater ease.

We're here to help!

Understanding Sensory Processing Disorders may seem daunting initially, but remember, you're not alone. Occupational therapists are trained in identifying patterns of sensory processing and addressing the resulting daily struggles. Parenting a child with SPD can be a challenging but an immensely rewarding journey. Many parents even learn more about themselves while getting to know their child’s unique sensory systems.

By getting to know these subtypes, you're taking a significant step towards understanding your child's unique experience and helping them thrive. Remember, every child, every parent, every family is unique - your journey may not look like anyone else's, and that's perfectly okay. We’re here to guide you. Send us a message or give us a call to get started. Let’s Thrive n Play!

References:

DeBoth, K. K., & Reynolds, S. (2017). A systematic review of sensory-based autism subtypes. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 36, 44-56.

Miller, L. J. (2014). Sensational kids: Hope and help for children with sensory processing disorder (SPD). Penguin.

Kranowitz, C. S. (2022). The Out-of-Sync Child: Recognizing and Coping with Sensory Processing Differences. Penguin.